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| HOW-TO Scritto da Lucas Westermann |
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| This month, I thought we would take a step further into the realm of Unix systems, and install our first CLI installer-based Unix system.We'll be installing FreeBSD 8.1, which you can download at http://www.freebsd.org/where.htm l. Clicking on the “[iso]” link will take you to an FTP server, where you are presented with a few options for images. You can either download the DVD or the “- disc1.iso” files. The livefs image is intended for recovery and repair, not installation. For more information about the different options, have a look here: http://www.freebsd.org/releases/8. 1R/announce.html. I gave the machine 512MB of RAM and 6GB of storage, but you're free to change that (as long as you stay above the minimum requirements). Step 1: Upon starting the machine and selecting the correct ISO, you'll be greeted by the FreeBSD bootloader. You can let the timer run out, or just hit 1 to boot the CD. Step 2: Once the CD has loaded, you'll be asked for a region (fig. 1) and a keymap (fig. 2). Step 3: You're now at the main menu (fig. 3). If it's your first time installing FreeBSD, I recommend going for the Standard option, but you're free to choose the others (it is, after all, a virtual host that you can re-install numerous times). Step 4: Once you choose the Standard install, you'll be greeted by a message explaining fdisk to you (fig. 4). Since this is a virtual machine, and there's nothing else on there, using the “(A)ll” command is fine. If you want to install it on an actual machine, I suggest you go through the motions in order to get accustomed to it. The fdisk menu looks like fig. 5, and is pretty selfexplanatory - once you understand the basics of fdisk. VIRTUALIZATION - PART 4 Once you've completed that task, you need to decide what bootmanager you want to install. If FreeBSD is on its own, Standard is suitable, and if you have multiple installs on a disk, you'll need to choose “BootMgr” or “None” (if you already installed a boot manager of some sort). See fig. 6. Thereafter you just need to create a set of BSD partitions within the fdisk partition you created. Basically, you're splitting up the partition into regions for the BSD system, and Auto is suitable for pretty much every case I can think of, unless you feel you need an extra segment/don't need a segment. Again, trying it out in a virtual machine is better than messing around on a live system. Step 5: Now you can choose what packages to install (fig. 7). I generally choose Custom, and select Base, kernels, dict, doc, docuser, games, man, catman, and ports (see fig. 8). Once you choose the packages to install, you need to select where to install it from (fig. 9). The CD is fine if you are using the disc1 or dvd1 ISOs, and you'll need to use the FTP option for the bootonly image. Also, if you want to have the most up-to-date packages, you can use the FTP option as well. If you choose the FTP option, you'll need to enable networking and select an FTP site (instructions for which can be found in the handbook I link to below). For the next few options, you can choose “No” unless you know for a fact you'll be using the virtual machine as a server, then you'll need to pick the services you want. At the screen where you're asked if you want to add a user, you should select “yes” (fig. 10). First you need to create a group for your user (you can also get away with just using “user” as a group, but I prefer to have the primary group be the user's name).When you're done, it should look something like fig. 11. Once the group is created, you can create a user (fig. 12) using your username, the group you just created in the “group” box; choose a password, give it your name, and add “users” to the member groups. You may also want to add your user to the group “wheel” if you want to install sudo. has learned all he knows from repeatedly breaking his system, then having no other option but to discover how to fix it. You can email Lucas at: lswest34@gmail.com. Once you've completed this step, you can choose if you want to install any extra packages, and you will also be asked for a password for your root account. Step 6: Check the handbook for instructions on installing packages, and get busy messing around! I hope you've found this article useful, and that you've gotten interested in FreeBSD. If you're anything like me, you'll be intrigued and curious as to what you can figure out. If you have any questions, problems, or suggestions, you can email me at lswest34@gmail.com. Please put “virtualization” or “FCM” in the subject line, so that I don't overlook the email. Extra links: PC-BSD (A FreeBSD-based distribution with a graphical installer and pre-configured desktop environment). http://www.pcbsd.org/ FreeBSD Handbook: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US .ISO8859- 1/books/handbook/index.html |
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HowTo6
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