Disclaimer e Note Legali

I pacchetti distribuiti attraverso repositories non ufficiali non sono supportati da Ubuntu o Debian. Per piacere non segnalate bug causati dall'uso di pacchetti di terze parti.

Alcuni pacchetti all'interno di questo documento potrebbero essere illegali nel tuo paese. Usateli a vostro rischio.

Molti dei formati qui presenti sono stati sostituiti da FreeFormats e queste informazioni sono presenti qui solo per scopo legale. Attenzione che l'utilizzo di programmi e formati non liberi non può essere supportato a causa delle restrizioni che li affliggono.

Ci sono molti motivi per cui Ubuntu non supporta formati proprietari di default. Un semplice esempio può essere il formato MP3.

Il gruppo che detiene i diritti sui brevetti del formato MP3 richiedono che per ogni player con supporto per tali formati paghi una somma pari a 75 centesimi:[http://www.mp3licensing.com/royalty/index.html]

Può sembrare una piccola somma, ma quando una distribuzione è distribuita gratuitamente, anche una piccola somma è tanto. L'altra opzione sarebbe pagare una grossa somma che potrebbe servire per pagare un programmatore per lavorare con Ubuntu per un anno intero! Così costa parecchio distribuire software che supporti il formato MP3.

Se Ubuntu ignorasse questo, potrebbe essere denunciata in paesi in cui questo brevetto è valido. O Ubuntu dovrebbe pagare oppure i programmatori non potrebbero mai più mettere piede in un paese con tali brevetti (inpensabile). Dato che costa soldi, Ubuntu non ha il supporto per il formato MP3.

Ora considerate questo, e moltiplicatelo per tutto il software proprietario, coperto da brevetti, che c'è in giro (che non è libero come OGG) e vi sarete fatti un'idea di qual'è la situazione. Così per poter spendere soldi in programmatori, Ubuntu deve evitare di utilizzare tali codecs. Persino una cosa come "clicca qui per installare" potrebbe portare Ubuntu ad essere considerata come un'aiuto a lcrimine in certe nazioni.

Questo è perché è importante supportare codec aperti e gli standard. Ma Ubuntu non può includere software proprietario, o rendere il tutto più facile per via della legge.

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Per iniziare

Assicurati di aver abilitato i repositories Universe e Multiverse prima di continuare, controlla AddingRepositoriesHowto per maggiori informazioni. Leggi anche [wiki:Ubuntu/RootSudo] se non hai familiarità con il comando sudo.

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Codecs e Video DVD

Alcuni codec e la riproduzione di DVD codificati non sono supportati da Ubuntu per ragioni legali. Dopo aver letto e compreso il disclaimer e le note legali, potrete eseguire queste istruzioni per installare e abilitare tali funzionalità:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Quando si aprirà gedit, scrivete questo, salvate e chiudete gedit:

deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

(Comunque potete fare riferimento a AddingRepositoriesHowto)

Ora, aggiornate il database dei pacchetti e installate i codecs/plugins non liberi:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install w32codecs

Per chi utilizza Kubuntu potete installare akode-mpeg per abilitare la riproduzione di MP3, e sostituire gedit con kate.

Assicurati di aver disabilitato il repository debian-marillat e aver aggiornato il database dei pacchetti dopo l'installazione di w32codecs. Potreste corrompere la vostra installazione di Ubuntu se lo lasciate abilitato.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Qunado si aprirà gedit, inserite un '#' all'inizio della riga che hai inserito prima e salvate il file:

# deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

(Alternatively, you can enter the above line as described in the AddingRepositoriesHowto - "Adding Outside Repositories" using Synaptic)

After commenting out the debian-marillat repository, update your package database:

sudo apt-get update

Install and enable the packages that support the use of non-free codecs:

sudo apt-get install totem-xine gstreamer0.8-plugins gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse 
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
gst-register-0.8

Enable reading of encryped DVD's

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh

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Problemi con i DVD

If your video playback software (e.g. Xine, MPlayer, Totem, etc.) locks up when attempting to access a DVD, you will need to place a DVD movie in your DVD drive then do the following:

sudo apt-get install regionset
regionset

If DVD playback is jerky or you notice optical data transfer (i.e burning a CD/DVD) is slower than it should be then you need to enable DMA transfer for that drive. See the ["DMA"] page for details.

For backing up DVDs see ["DVDRippingandEncoding"].

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Java

The easiest method is to use the Blackdown Java 1.4 installer that is in Multiverse. To install Java with the installer, just do:

sudo apt-get install j2re1.4

Ubuntu PPC, please see: ["JavaPPC"]. Ubuntu AMD64, please see: ["JavaAMD64"].

Sun Java

The alternative method which will get you the latest version from Sun and also works better for most applications is to install the Sun version of Java. Sun's implementation of Java and Java plugin for browsers is also non-free. Free Java is in active development and will be the preferred choice in the future also as a browser plugin (currently it is used in some programs like OpenOffice.org). Meanwhile, if you require Java support you have to install Sun's Java, assuming they happen to support your platform.

Go to http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp and click on “Download JRE 5.0 Update 5”. Ensure you do not choose the link with the NetBeans bundle or "J2EE 1.4".

You must first accept the licence, then click on “Linux self-extracting file” (jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin). Save this file to your hard drive.

Make the downloaded file executable. At the command line, change to the directory where you downloaded the file, and type

chmod +x jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin

Install the java-package and java-common, as well as fakeroot (which allows a non-root user to create the package derived from Sun's bin file):

sudo apt-get install fakeroot  java-package java-common

If you get an error when installing java-package, you need to enable the multiverse repository (see ["AddingRepositoriesHowto"]).

To install JRE, run the downloaded file. Type

fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin
sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update05_i386.deb

make-jpkg translates Sun's bin file into a debian package. Then dpkg installs that package.

Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit)

The same procedure can also be used to install Sun's Java SDK instead of just the runtime environment (JRE). Just choose "Download JDK 5.0 Update 5" when downloading the package from Sun, and replace the file name with jdk-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin

Scegliere la versione Java di default

If you're running Breezy, you need to tell Ubuntu to use Sun Java instead of the open source GIJ included with it. Run:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

and select it from the list.

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Realplayer

Realplayer is the only legal MP3 player you can install in Ubuntu in nations where the format is restricted. The program is contained in the Ubuntu repositories, to install it just do:

sudo apt-get install realplayer

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Problemi col sonoro

• SoundProblemsHoary

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Codifica e ripping MP3

• ["CDRipping"]

Decoding MP3 in K3b

Starting with Breezy (Ubuntu 5.10), K3B does not come with MP3 decoding support out of the box. Installing the k3b-mp3 package will enable it:

sudo apt-get install k3b-mp3

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Macromedia Flash

Flash per i386

This will install the non-free Flash player and the plugins needed to view it in Firefox and Mozilla. If you have problems viewing text in some Flash files, you may need to install the msttcorefonts package, which is also in multiverse.

Note that this package doesn't exist for the amd64 architecture, as Macromedia has not yet produced a binary.

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

After flash is installed, if the sound is not working properly, try typing the following in a terminal:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

If you use an Intel 855GM video card, ensure you set the X server colour depth to 24 bits, otherwise you will probably experience Firefox crashes.

You may need to install the gsfonts-x11 package for flash to properly display fonts.

Flash per x86_64

For those of us with 64 bit processors (or Mac) there is no non-free flash implementation available because the manufacturer does not support them. However, there are 2 free implementations. One is gplflash and the other is swfdec. There's also gplflash2 in development that aims to be the proper free, open source replacement for all the platforms. While you can install them using apt-get, they tend to not work very well and be unstable, so that option is not great. Better to install one of them (I recommend gplflash) manually.

To install gplflash:

Download the latest version of gplflash (at the time of writing it was 0.4.13) from https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=110956.

$ wget -c http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/gplflash/gplflash-0.4.13.tar.bz2?download

Sub in the latest version if it is no longer 0.4.13. Decompress the files.

$ tar xvjf gplflash-0.4.13.tar.bz2

Change to the install directory.

$ cd gplflash-0.4.13

Compile the player and plugin.

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
$ make
$ sudo make install

Finally add /usr to the path variable so that the player itself will work, not just the plugin.

$ sudo PATH=$PATH:/usr

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AAC e iTunes Music Store

Decodifica AAC

The default audio format used by Apple's iTunes and iPod is AAC. This is a variant of the MPEG standard, and as such has patent issues. However, you can listen to AAC files in rhythmbox or amaroK by installing gstreamer0.8-faad. You will need this for listening to any AAC file, including those bought from the iTunes Music Store (see below for more info on using the music store on Linux). Warning, songs purchased from the iTunes music store (.m4p) are encyrpted, and will not just play using gstreamer0.8-faad. You will need to decrypt them first.

Codifica AAC

FAAC can be used to encode AACs, although this is somewhat experimental compared to MP3 encoding at this point. For encoding programs which use gstreamer, there is a gstreamer plugin called gstreamer0.8-faac. However, this currently is problematic, and does not produce usable AAC files, though this may change in the future.

For other programs, you may be able to utilize FAAC directly to encode to AACs - just install the "faac" package. You can make iPod-compatible AACs this way, but this requires some additional configuration in your CD ripping utility.

iTunes Music Store

Apple's iTunes Music Store sells music online with a large selection of artists. Songs are in 128K AAC format, and cost varies by country. Apple only has Mac and Windows clients, but it also can be used on Linux. There are two different methods by which this can be done.

First of all, you can use CodeWeavers CrossOver Office (available at http://www.codeweavers.com) to install the Windows version of iTunes on Ubuntu. This will allow you to buy iTunes songs on Linux and listen to them. However, the main caveats of this approach is that 1) it costs money 2) it is not a fully Linux-native solution.

As an alternative to using CrossOver, there is a new, Free program called PyMusique which allows basic usage of the iTunes Music Store on Linux. This works better than using iTunes on CrossOver, but PyMusique has less features than the official iTunes client at this point and may be in violation of the iTunes Music Store terms of service. To use this on Ubuntu, first install gstreamer0.8-faad and libmcrypt4. Then, go to http://fuware.nanocrew.net/pymusique/ or a mirror (google "pymusique 0.4" for mirrors) and download the pymusique, python2.4-mcrypt, python2.4-vlc, and python2.4-mp4ff packages. Finally, install all the packages you downloaded from the above website. You can now launch PyMusique from the Applications-Internet menu, and purchase songs (although you may have to restart your system for this to work).