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## page was renamed from Repositories #language it |
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| ||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;">'''Indice'''[[BR]][[TableOfContents]]|| | |
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| = Come aggiungere repositories al proprio sources.list = | = Introduzione = |
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| attachment:IconsPage/IconHelp.png | Se si proviene dal mondo Windos e/o Mac OS, si è abituati a cercare un particolare programma su internet (la maggior parte delle volte fornito in un eseguibile installabile) e le uniche azioni da svolegere erano scaricare e installare. Si è molto familiari con il software distribuito in CD o DVD da cui è molto comodo installare questi programmi. Per i sistemi liberi e open source come Ubuntu GNU/Linux esiste del software distribuito con questi mezzi, ma solitamente si tratta di software proprietario e non libero. |
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| Questo documento spiega come aggiungere altri [:IRepositories: repositories] al proprio {{{/etc/apt/sources.list}}}. Spiega anche come uncomment il repository {{{universe}}}. | Sui sistemi com Ubuntu, il software viene fornito in file con estensione '''.deb''' (o '''.rpm''' con per Red```Hat) che contengono il programma e le librerie necessarie. Questi file possono essere scaricati oppure vengono forniti su CD (il CD di Ubuntu ne contiene molti). I repository sono dei server che contengono molti diquesti pacchetti. Solitamente si accede a questi repository con strumenti come [:SynapticHowto:Synaptic]. |
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| [[TableOfContents]] | Questi strumenti possono elencare tutti i pacchetti installati sul proprio sistema (dal kernel fino alle applicazioni preferite) e i pacchetti disponibili nei repository configurati per l'accesso. È possibile anche eseguire delle semplici ricerche per delle frasi come "editor di immagini". |
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| == Uncommenting Universe == | These tools provide a simple, centralized method of software installation while and give the distributors (who set up the repositories) a centralized way to send you updates(1) to your software. |
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| === Using Synaptic === | In Ubuntu you generally want to have at least Ubuntu's repositories (which may include the install CD) but it is not uncommon to have other repositories (from other packagers) set up. |
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| To uncomment the {{{universe}}} repository, follow these instructions. | It's important to know that most of the tools you'll want to use in Ubuntu are already in Ubuntu's repositories. You can go search the internet for packages, or even source code, for others, but these will be more difficult to install and won't, most of the time, integrate well with your system. |
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| On Hoary: Start {{{Synaptic Package Manager}}} from the {{{System}}} , {{{Administration}}} menu. attachment:hoarysynaptic.jpg On Warty: Start {{{Synaptic Package Manager}}} from the {{{Computer}}} , {{{System Configuration}}} menu attachment:PicSelectSynapticFromtheMenu.png In Synaptic, choose the {{{Repositories}}} item in the {{{Settings}}} menu attachment:PicOpentheRepositoriesDialog.png A list of repositories is shown. Click the {{{Settings}}} button at the bottom and tick {{{Show disabled software sources}}}. Then click the {{{Close}}} button. attachment:showdisabled.jpg You should now see checkboxes next to the repositories. Scroll down and enable the Universe repository by ticking the checkbox next to {{{Community Maintained (Universe)}}}. Click {{{OK}}} to save your settings. You may also want to enable Multiverse and the Universe Security updates repositories. attachment:enableuniverse.jpg Save the changes and close the window by clicking {{{OK}}}. Update the list of available packages with {{{Reload}}} in the main window. attachment:PicApplyTheseSettings.png Once the package list has been updated, packages from universe can be installed. -------------- Using Terminal -------------- Alternatively, use a terminal and command line tools to enable universe. Start {{{Terminal}}} from {{{Applications}}}, {{{System Tools}}} in the menubar. Type the following command: {{{ bash:~$ sudo nano -w /etc/apt/sources.list }}} The texteditor {{{nano}}} starts and opens the configuration file for repositories. Remove the comment "{{{#}}}" marks from the start of lines that look like this: {{{ #deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe #deb-src ftp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe }}} then add the word {{{multiverse}}} making them look like this: {{{ deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe multiverse deb-src ftp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe multiverse }}} Afterwards, update the package list with the following command: {{{ bash:~$ sudo apt-get update }}} == Adding outside repositories == Sometimes other users will make repositories for packages they have made. It is real easy to add these repositories to the system package manager. attachment:IconsPage/IconNote.png '''Note:''' BE CAREFUL doing this, some outside packages could break your Ubuntu installation. For a list of outside repositories see BreakMyUbuntu. === Adding outside repositories using Synaptic === As shown in the Using Synaptic screenshot above, start {{{Synaptic Package Manager}}} from the {{{Computer}}} menu, {{{System Configuration}}} item. Once Synaptic has launched, choose the {{{Settings}}} menu, [Repositories] item. You now see a window with a list of repositories. Push the button {{{New}}} to add a repository. Type in the information about the repositories in the dropdown menu and three textfields according to the following examples. Normally you find websites providing information about a repository in a form like the following example: {{{ deb http://www.grawert.net/ubuntu/ warty universe }}} This line provides the information for the Synaptic fields. * {{{deb}}} means it is a binary, so use the drop-down list to choose binary. Normally this is the default setting. * {{{http://www.grawert.net/ubuntu/}}} is the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), which means in this case the location. * {{{warty}}} is the release name. * {{{universe}}} is the section name. Sometimes the repository line has less information though, as shown in the next example. {{{ deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./ }}} The first two fields (deb and URI) are clearly similar to the first example above. However, the release-name is "./" so just put this (without the quotes) in the release field of Synaptic. It looks weird, but simply specifies the release as being whatever is in the directory given by the URI. Furthermore, there is no {{{section}}} information so just leave that text field blnk in your Synaptic entry. attachment:IconsPage/IconNote.png '''Note:''' Only the {{{section}}} information is optional, and then only with respect to the repository-maintainer. If there is section information, it must be specifed in Synaptic. It cannot be left blank. attachment:IconsPage/IconNote.png '''Note:''' If you make a mistake with the syntax in the fields you will get an error when you click the OK button in Synaptic. One cause is putting a trailing slash at the end of the URI. Also beware of leaving whitespaces at the beginning/end of the fields. Save the changes and close the window by pushing on {{{OK}}}. Update the list of avaible packages with {{{Reload}}} in the main window. After downloading the packages list from the repositories you can install packages from universe. === Adding outside repositories using the Terminal === Alternatively, use a terminal and command line tools to enable other repositories. Start {{{Terminal}}} from {{{Applications}}}, {{{System Tools}}} in the menubar. Type in the command line: This example uses tseng's repository. {{{ bash:~$ echo deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./ | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list }}} You would just substitute the {{{deb http://www.getsweaaa.com/~tseng/ubuntu/debs ./}}} with any other outside repositories name. |
So now you know: no more endless searching looking for spyware infested shareware and freeware. The vast majority of useful software available for Linux is pre-packaged for you. |
IndiceBRTableOfContents |
Introduzione
Se si proviene dal mondo Windos e/o Mac OS, si è abituati a cercare un particolare programma su internet (la maggior parte delle volte fornito in un eseguibile installabile) e le uniche azioni da svolegere erano scaricare e installare. Si è molto familiari con il software distribuito in CD o DVD da cui è molto comodo installare questi programmi. Per i sistemi liberi e open source come Ubuntu GNU/Linux esiste del software distribuito con questi mezzi, ma solitamente si tratta di software proprietario e non libero.
Sui sistemi com Ubuntu, il software viene fornito in file con estensione .deb (o .rpm con per Red`Hat) che contengono il programma e le librerie necessarie. Questi file possono essere scaricati oppure vengono forniti su CD (il CD di Ubuntu ne contiene molti). I repository sono dei server che contengono molti diquesti pacchetti. Solitamente si accede a questi repository con strumenti come [:SynapticHowto:Synaptic].
Questi strumenti possono elencare tutti i pacchetti installati sul proprio sistema (dal kernel fino alle applicazioni preferite) e i pacchetti disponibili nei repository configurati per l'accesso. È possibile anche eseguire delle semplici ricerche per delle frasi come "editor di immagini".
These tools provide a simple, centralized method of software installation while and give the distributors (who set up the repositories) a centralized way to send you updates(1) to your software.
In Ubuntu you generally want to have at least Ubuntu's repositories (which may include the install CD) but it is not uncommon to have other repositories (from other packagers) set up.
It's important to know that most of the tools you'll want to use in Ubuntu are already in Ubuntu's repositories. You can go search the internet for packages, or even source code, for others, but these will be more difficult to install and won't, most of the time, integrate well with your system.
So now you know: no more endless searching looking for spyware infested shareware and freeware. The vast majority of useful software available for Linux is pre-packaged for you.
